"I-non-linearity ithetha ukuba kunzima ukuyicombulula," utshilo u-Arthur Mattuck, isazi sezibalo kwi-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).Kodwa kufuneka iqwalaselwe xa i-nonlinearity isetyenziswe kwimithwalo yombane, kuba ivelisa i-harmonic currents kwaye ichaphazela kakubi ukuhanjiswa kwamandla-kwaye kubiza.Apha, uMarek Lukaszczyk, uMphathi weNtengiso waseYurophu nakuMbindi Mpuma we-WEG, umenzi wehlabathi kunye nomthengisi we-motor and drive technology, uchaza indlela yokunciphisa i-harmonics kwi-inverter applications.
Izibane zeFluorescent, izixhobo zombane ezitshintshayo, iifurnaces zombane ze-arc, izilungisi zohlaziyo kunye neziguquli zamaza.Zonke ezi ziyimizekelo yezixhobo ezinomthwalo ongeyena umgca, oku kuthetha ukuba isixhobo sithatha i-voltage kunye ne-current ngendlela ye-pulses emfutshane ngokukhawuleza.Zahlukile kwizixhobo ezinomthwalo olungeleleneyo—njengeenjini, izifudumezi zasesibhakabhakeni, iitransformer ezinika amandla kunye nezibane ze-incandescent.Kwimithwalo yomgca, ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-voltage kunye ne-wave waveforms yangoku i-sinusoidal, kwaye i-current naliphi na ixesha ihambelana ne-voltage-echazwe ngumthetho ka-Ohm.
Ingxaki enye kuyo yonke imithwalo engeyiyo yomgca kukuba ivelisa i-harmonic currents.I-Harmonics ngamalungu aphindaphindiweyo adla ngokuba phezulu kune-frequency esisiseko yobonelelo lwamandla, phakathi kwe-50 okanye i-60 Hertz (Hz), kwaye yongezwa kumbane osisiseko.Le misinga yongezelelekileyo iya kubangela ukugqwethwa kwenkqubo yamaza ombane kwaye inciphise amandla ayo.
Imisinga yeHarmonic equkuqelayo kwinkqubo yombane inokuvelisa ezinye iziphumo ezingathandekiyo, njengokugqwethwa kombane kwiindawo zokudityaniswa kweminye imithwalo, kunye nokushisa kweentambo.Kwezi meko, umlinganiselo opheleleyo we-harmonic distortion (THD) unokusixelela ukuba ungakanani umbane okanye ukuguqulwa kwangoku okubangelwa yi-harmonics.
Kule nqaku, siza kufunda indlela yokunciphisa i-harmonics kwizicelo ze-inverter ezisekelwe kwiingcebiso zeshishini lokubeka iliso elichanekileyo kunye nokuchazwa kwezinto ezibangela iingxaki zomgangatho wamandla.
I-UK isebenzisa iNgcebiso yobuNjineli (EREC) G5 ye-Energy Network Association (ENA) njengendlela efanelekileyo yokulawula ukuphazamiseka kwe-harmonic voltage kwiinkqubo zokuhambisa kunye nokusabalalisa amanethiwekhi.Kwi-European Union, ezi ngcebiso zihlala ziqulethwe kwizikhokelo zokuhambelana kwe-electromagnetic (EMC), ezibandakanya imigangatho eyahlukeneyo yeKhomishini yoMbane yeHlabathi (i-IEC), efana ne-IEC 60050. I-IEEE 519 idla ngokuba ngumgangatho waseMntla Melika, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-IEEE I-519 igxile kwiinkqubo zokusasaza kunezixhobo zomntu ngamnye.
Emva kokuba amanqanaba e-harmonic anqunywe ngokulinganisa okanye ukulinganisa, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokunciphisa ukuzigcina ngaphakathi kwemida eyamkelekileyo.Kodwa yintoni umda owamkelekileyo?
Ekubeni kungenakwenzeka ngokwezoqoqosho okanye akunakwenzeka ukuphelisa zonke ii-harmonics, kukho imigangatho emibini ye-EMC yamazwe ngamazwe enciphisa ukuphazamiseka kombane wokubonelela ngombane ngokucacisa ixabiso eliphezulu le-harmonic yangoku.Ziyi-standard ye-IEC 61000-3-2, efanelekileyo kwisixhobo esinomlinganiselo olinganiselweyo ukuya kwi-16 A (A) kunye ne-≤ 75 A ngesigaba, kunye nomgangatho we-IEC 61000-3-12, ofanelekileyo kwizixhobo ezingaphezulu kwe-16 A.
Umda we-voltage harmonics kufuneka ube kukugcina i-THD (V) yendawo yokudibanisa okuqhelekileyo (PCC) kwi-≤ 5%.I-PCC yindawo apho abaqhubi bombane benkqubo yokuhambisa amandla badityaniswe kwii-conductor zabathengi kunye naluphi na ukuhanjiswa kwamandla phakathi komthengi kunye nenkqubo yokuhambisa amandla.
Ingcebiso ye-≤ 5% isetyenziswe njengeyona mfuno kuphela kwizicelo ezininzi.Kungenxa yoko le nto kwiimeko ezininzi, ukusebenzisa nje i-inverter ene-6-pulse rectifier kunye ne-input reactact okanye i-direct current (DC) i-inductor yekhonkco yanele ukuhlangabezana nowona myalelo uphezulu wokuphazamiseka kombane.kunjalo, xa kuthelekiswa inverter 6-pulse akukho inductor kwikhonkco, usebenzisa inverter kunye DC link inductor (ezifana WEG kaThixo CFW11, CFW700, kunye CFW500) kunokunciphisa kakhulu radiation harmonic.
Ngaphandle koko, kukho ezinye iindlela ezininzi zokunciphisa i-harmonics yenkqubo kwi-inverter applications, esiya kuthi sazisa apha.
Esinye isisombululo sokunciphisa i-harmonics kukusebenzisa i-inverter ene-12-pulse rectifier.Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela idla ngokusetyenziswa kuphela xa i-transformer sele ifakiwe;kwiziguquli ezininzi eziqhagamshelwe kwikhonkco elinye le-DC;okanye ukuba ufakelo olutsha lufuna i-transformer enikezelwe kwi-inverter.Ukongeza, esi sisombululo sifanelekile kumandla adla ngokuba mkhulu kune-500 kilowatts (kW).
Enye indlela kukusebenzisa i-6-pulse active current (AC) drive inverter ene-passive filter kwigalelo.Le ndlela inokulungelelanisa amanqanaba ombane ahlukeneyo-i-harmonic voltages phakathi kwe-medium (MV), amandla ombane aphezulu (HV) kunye nombane ophezulu owongezelelweyo (EHV) -kwaye ixhasa ukuhambelana kunye nokuphelisa iziphumo ezibi kwizixhobo ezibuthathaka zabathengi.Nangona esi sisisombululo semveli sokunciphisa i-harmonics, iya kwandisa ukulahleka kobushushu kunye nokunciphisa amandla ombane.
Oku kusizisa kwindlela engabizi kakhulu yokunciphisa i-harmonics: sebenzisa i-inverter ene-18-pulse rectifier, okanye ngokukodwa i-DC-AC drive exhaswe yi-DC link ngokusebenzisa i-18-pulse rectifier kunye ne-phase-shifting transformer.I-pulse rectifier sisisombululo esifanayo nokuba yi-12-pulse okanye i-18-pulse.Nangona esi sisisombululo sendabuko sokunciphisa i-harmonics, ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu, ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswe kuphela xa i-transformer ifakwe okanye i-transformer ekhethekileyo yokuguqula i-inverter iyadingeka ukufakelwa okutsha.Amandla adla ngokuba mkhulu kunama-500 kW.
Ezinye iindlela zokunciphisa i-harmonic zonyusa ukulahleka kobushushu kunye nokunciphisa amandla, ngelixa ezinye iindlela zinokuphucula ukusebenza kwenkqubo.Isisombululo esilungileyo esisicebisayo kukusebenzisa izihluzi ezisebenzayo ze-WEG ezine-6-pulse AC drives.Esi sisisombululo esihle kakhulu sokuphelisa i-harmonics eveliswa zizixhobo ezahlukeneyo
Ekugqibeleni, xa amandla anokuphinda ahlaziywe kwigridi, okanye xa ii-motor ezininzi ziqhutywa ngekhonkco elilodwa le-DC, esinye isisombululo sinomtsalane.Oko kukuthi, isiphelo sangaphambili esisebenzayo (AFE) i-regenerative drive kunye ne-LCL filter iyasetyenziswa.Kule meko, umqhubi unomlungisi osebenzayo kwigalelo kwaye uhambelana nemida ecetyiswayo.
Kuba inverters ngaphandle ikhonkco DC-ezifana WEG siqu CFW500, CFW300, CFW100 kunye MW500 inverters-isitshixo ekunciphiseni harmonics ukusabela womnatha.Oku akusombululi kuphela ingxaki ye-harmonic, kodwa iphinda isombulule ingxaki yamandla agcinwe kwindawo esebenzayo ye-inverter kwaye ingasebenzi.Ngoncedo lwe-network reactance, i-high-frequency single-phase inverter elayishwe yinethiwekhi ye-resonant ingasetyenziselwa ukuqonda ukusabela okulawulwayo.Inzuzo yale ndlela kukuba amandla agcinwe kwi-reactance element aphantsi kwaye ukuphazamiseka kwe-harmonic kuphantsi.
Kukho ezinye iindlela ezisebenzayo zokujongana neeharmonics.Enye kukunyusa inani lemithwalo yomgca ngokunxulumene nemithwalo engekho mgca.Enye indlela kukwahlula iisistim zobonelelo lwamandla kwimithwalo emgceni kunye nengeyo-linear ukuze kubekho imida yombane eyahlukeneyo yeTHD phakathi kwe-5% kunye ne-10%.Le ndlela ihambelana nezi ngcebiso zobunjineli ezikhankanywe ngasentla (EREC) i-G5 kunye ne-EREC G97, esetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukuchithwa kwe-harmonic voltage yezityalo ezingabonakaliyo kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza.
Enye indlela kukusebenzisa i-rectifier enenani elikhulu le-pulses kwaye iyondla ibe yi-transformer enezigaba ezininzi zesibini.Ii-multi-winding transformers ezine-multiple windings eziziprayimari okanye ezizisekondari zinokudityaniswa komnye nomnye kuhlobo olukhethekileyo lokucwangciswa ukubonelela ngenqanaba lombane elifunekayo lemveliso okanye ukuqhuba imithwalo emininzi kwimveliso, ngaloo ndlela inika iinketho ezininzi ekuhanjisweni kwamandla kunye nenkqubo yokuguquguquka.
Ekugqibeleni, kukho ukuvuselela ukusebenza kwe-AFE ekhankanywe ngasentla.Iidrive ze-AC ezisisiseko azikwazi ukuhlaziywa, oku kuthetha ukuba abanako ukubuyisela amandla kumthombo wamandla-oku akwanelanga ngokukodwa, kuba kwezinye izicelo, ukubuyisela amandla abuyisiweyo kuyimfuno ethile.Ukuba amandla okuhlaziya kufuneka abuyiselwe kumthombo wamandla we-AC, le yindima ye-regenerative drive.I-rectifiers elula ithathelwe indawo yi-AFE inverters, kwaye amandla anokubuyiselwa ngale ndlela.
Ezi ndlela zibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokulwa ne-harmonics kwaye zifanelekile kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zokuhambisa amandla.Kodwa banokugcina amandla kunye neendleko kakhulu kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo kwaye bathobele imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe.Le mizekelo ibonisa ukuba nje ukuba iteknoloji ye-inverter echanekileyo isetyenzisiweyo, ingxaki engekho yomgca ayiyi kuba nzima ukuyicombulula.
For more information, please contact: WEG (UK) LtdBroad Ground RoadLakesideRedditch WorcestershireB98 8YPT Tel: +44 (0)1527 513800 Email: info-uk@weg.net Website: https://www.weg.net
Inkqubo kunye nolawulo Namhlanje ayinaxanduva lomxholo wamanqaku athunyelwe okanye avelisiweyo ngaphandle kunye nemifanekiso.Cofa apha ukuze usithumelele i-imeyile esazisa ngazo naziphi na iimpazamo okanye izinto ezishiyiweyo eziqulathwe kweli nqaku.